Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), which is performed in the frame of IVF or IVF/ICSI program – is a method of determination of embryo`s genetic abnormalities before an embryotransfer into the uterine cavity. Due to PGD, it`s possible to define the embryos which are carrying some genetic diseases.
When PGD is used
🔸 In case if one or both partners are carriers of the disease or genetic disorder
🔸 If one or both partners have an altered karyotype, means that the normal number of chromosomes is disrupted
🔸 If couples have several failed IVF cycles
For women who have the problem of early termination of pregnancy
🔸 Age – related couples
🔸 Family history – includes diseases, which are caused by genetic or chromosome abnormalities
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Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) – is a supplement to the in vitro fertilization method.
At third pic you can see a sequence of actions, which have to be done in order to perform PGD on embryos before the embryotransfer.
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🔹 Egg fertilization is carried out by ICSI methodology and not by basic IVF
🔹 Embryo cultivation. Embryos are cultivating till the 3rd day and consist of 6-8 cells (blastomeres). There is a possibility to prolong the process of cultivation for up to 5-6 days until the blastocyst stage
🔹 Embryo biopsy. Due to the fact, that PGD can be carried out on cells which are at the different stages of their development, the biopsy procedures vary accordingly. Theoretically, biopsy can be performed at all stages of pre-implantation, but it was proposed to use only three of them: on unfertilized and fertilized oocytes (for polar bodies), on the 3rd day of embryos` development (for blastomers), and on blastocytes (for trophectoderm`s cells)
🔹 Biopsy preservation includes the lavage and precipitation of cells which are taken from the embryo in a specialized test tube
